World History

Useless Eaters: Disability as a Genocidal Marker in Nazi Germany

Sun, 30 Aug 2009 20:11:59 GMT

The methods used for mass extermination in the Nazi death camps originated and were perfected earilier use against people with physical, emotional and intellectual disabilities. This describes the historical context of attitudes towards people with disbilities in Germany and how this context produced mass murder of people with disabilities prior to and during the early years of WWII. Several key marker variables, the manipulation of which allowed a highly sophisticated Western Society to officially sanction the murder of people with disabilities, are examined. Important implications must continually be drawn from these sad events as we work with people with disabilities at the dawn of a new century.

This process was faciliated by each panelist being aware of what previous panelists had decided. Decisions were made exclusively on the basis of the information of the regristration from, thereby transforming life and death decisions by the state into macrabe administrative exercise.

There are certain lines, when crossed, are hard, if not impossible, to re-establish as boundaries...

Professor Lupin is a damaged person, literally and metamorphically. I think it is important for children to know that adults, too, have their problems, that they struggle. His being a werewolf is a metaphor for people's reactions to illness and disability.

-JKR

According to JKR, then, Lupin represents the disabled of the Holocaust. Werewolves are like the terminally ill or the disabled percent of Germany's populaion- - whom were unfortunately exterminated. They may or may not be Jews, Pure-bloods or half-bloods, but they are still discriminated against and are left seemigly with no privileges nor opportunities due to the fact that they are rejected by their own society because of their condition.

Communist Animals: Sarabi and the Soviet Union

Sun, 30 Aug 2009 20:05:43 GMT

When the Soviet Union captured Romania from the Nazis in August of 1944, the citizens of Romania passed from one hell into another. Tens of thoousands of innocent people, both men and women were arrested and sentenced to years of torture in prison or labor camps. One pastor, Richard Wurmbrand, served two prison terms, returning with 18 deep scars on his back- a most treacherous result of brutal torture. When the communists came a second time to arrest her husbnd, Sabina Wurmbrand turned to a friend and sobbed relentlessly, ''Again they have stolen my Richard!''

In spite of her pain, Sabina remained strong, pastoring the couple's small underground church.

Sarabi, Queen of the Pridelands in The Lion King, is a character who is in many ways like Sabina- worthy of admiration and respect, and forever loyal to her husband...

Is It The Bottom of the Food Chain...or The Russian Revolution?

Sun, 30 Aug 2009 20:01:58 GMT

Is life so dear or peace so sweet as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?

-Whoopie Goldberg

The Lion King is a great ultra-conservative cold war propoganda movie.

This is why:

Hyenas are the bottom of the food chain in The Lion King. In that sense, they are like proletariat. They have been chained to the bottom of a system without any explanation, and they refuse to accept that. So they want the lion-slash-tzar that starves them out of the way. They ally with an intellectually superior individual (Scar) who is higher ranking in the food chain for this to happen.

So what happens when a socialist system is imposed in the Pride Lands and the hyenas are given equal opportunities as lions? They starve. It just doesn't work. It disrupts the natural cycle with such a crazy culture clash. It just can't be. They need a helping hand (Simba) to restore things back to order: some people upper class, some people middle class, and some people lower class. This may be The Circle of Life according to Mufasa but it is a system that Scar wants to change; he wants to defy such a system. However, experiments like this only result in a regime of terror.

But when the poor hyenas, the riff-raff dangling at the bottom of the Food Chain (only in The Lion King, not in real life, mind you), batten on carrion- their natural function, after all- they are stigmatised as ''poachers''; when, under the foul ursurper, they are allowed to claw their way up the Darwinian hierarchy, the place goes rack and ruin. This is what happens, the movie says, when under-dogs rise above their station. At one bizarre point, they are even seen goose-stepping. Should I elaborate on it more?

Everyone should know this by now. The Nazism is too obvious... What about the Communism? What about the Education for Death, the Indoctrination Military Conduct?

It is clear the hyenas have very, very vacant expressions. One word: Brainwashed. They look much like the recruited school boys in Afghanistan during the Taliban's reign, reciting ''Death to Israel, death to America!'' 24/7.

''Long live the King!'' and ''Death to Israel, death to America'' is pretty much the same thing as ''Heil Hitler''.

Some critics say the hyenas represent a particular minority: Blacks.

I don't believe any of this. It is clearly a stereotype on minorities of any society. Particularily, speculation surrounds only Blacks. Well, Blacks are clearly not despoilers of any land. Why it is portrayed like this in The Lion King is beyond me. For as long as Blacks have been on this earth, they have never despoiled the land. Any one color or race can be a despoiler, including Whites. Color and race has nothing to do with it. However, a particular race or group of people, viewed as ''minorities'' for centuries such as Blacks and Jews are not the source of all Wickedness in the world. To make a long debate short: There are good Jews and bad Jews. There are good Blacks and bad Blacks just like Whites. However, the entire race should not be labeled ''Wicked'' or ''Despoilers'' due to one's act. Yes, this includes Muslim terrorists. Because of a few Muslims' bad acts, ALL Muslims are labeled terrorists. You know, there is such a thing as WHITE terrorists, who, I am sure, are Christian or Catholic. But do we label WHITE PEOPLE as terrorists? No, just Muslims because of 9/11. What is wrong with the world???

I actually believe the hyenas represent rebellious Russian peasants or recruited Taliban members. Perhaps even Muslims who eventually turn on their dictator.

Anyways, back to the topic:

The hyenas are technically the dregs of society. And yet many people think they represent poor Blacks living in the Ghetto. Perhaps... but have you ever drew comparisons with the poor Russian peasants neglected by the Tsar?

Shenzi: Just look at you guys...No wonder we're danglin' at the bottom of da Food Chain.

Banzai: Man, I hate danglin'.

Shenzi: Ch'yeah? Ya know, if it weren't for them lions, we'd be runnin' the joint.

Banzai: Man, I hate lions.

Shenzi: So pushy...

Banzai: And hairy!

Shenzi: An' stinky!

Banzai/Shenzi: And man are they... UUUUUGGG-LY!

They even mock lions the same way it was very popular to mock the tsars in Russia. In fact, despite what a great and noble politician/leader King Mufasa was, he failed to acknowledge the hyenas, a minority, and welcome them into their social circle of survival and natural function. Ironically enough, he emphasiszes
that ''We are all apart of the Great Circle of Life,'' yet, he neglects a particular society of under-dogs that deserves the hunting grounds and environment of the Pride Lands as much as anyone else.

The hyenas, then, represent the poor Russian migrant farm-workers, and Mufasa represents Nicholas Romonav, the Last Tsar of Russia. Then Scar must represent Lenin- right?

They could aslo represent Iraqis and Sadam Hussein. After all, the Iraqis began mocking him near the end of his fall.

In the ''Be Prepared'' scene, Scar began his song and while the lyrics and music were appropriate, the images on the screen were incredible- and not in a good way. Notice how Scar first sings to the mentally challenged and moronic Ed, then to the other two, and then he masses. It was known for Lenin to naturally intimidate the slower, weaker citizens. Also, somewhere along the song the hyenas are tricked into confusing ''helping Scar'' with the military. When they agree to help him they are ''accidentally'' wearing bony helmets.

Coincidentally, as he sings, a shadow of himself is projected behind him, portraying a much larger and menacing lion than he really it. Mussolini/Stalin/Hitler, anyone?

Anyways, then the hyenas begin to parade before Scar in a very militaristic, facists, Nuremberg Parade choregraphed-style fashion. Ah, so it's not about Communism anymore. Also, Nazism is being thrown into the bag. (This, however, is clearly obvious and always has been.)

Also, the rest of the scene is strangely colored in red while the beginning was green. No, not Christmas colors. Christmas Time was long since over when this film was released. Red could possibly represent many things, but the Nazi Flag was always fresh in my mind. Green for the uniforms, perhaps? Or the Pakistani Flag? Where is the Taliban now? Pakistan, right?

When Scar jumps up to a rock and the camera pans down to reveal him in full power above the hyenas, he rises above a half-moon which can be interpreted in two ways. It strikes similarity between the image on the Communist flag with the hammer and the ox. This is perhaps a theory that is an anti-Islam message.

Islam, Communism, and Nazism. All things anti-American bashed into the same 5-min sequence. That is definitely a movie for your kinds to watch.

Shadowlands Plague

Sun, 30 Aug 2009 19:56:58 GMT

The Great Plague of London, though on a far smaller scale, was a recurrence plague of the Black Plague of 1348 and the second ''Black Death'' pandemic of 1347 and 1353; a massive yet virtulent outbreak disease in England that killed an estimated 100,000 people. That's 20% of London's population.

While I was viewing The Lion King once more, I noticed the similarities between this historic tragedy and Scar's newly established totalitarian-state.

Scar's reign relates to the last plague epidemic of England. Many died or were affected greatly by the plague; many also lost their families or were near death. It is the same in The Lion King because of Scar. He is like the Masque of the Red Death. (After all, there are no such thing as red lions with BLACK manes... Mistake? I think not.)

During times of plagues, red crosses are painted (sometimes in animal blood as in The Ten Commandments) above the door frames of houses of plague sufferers, declaring them dead. When Rafiki smeared Simba's ceremonial crown on his painting it represented the death of not only Simba but his entire kingdom as well, for he was the future of the Pride. Nala is a bage lioness, yet, sometimes she appears almost white in the darkness. Therefore, she represents hope or faith as she was the one who brought Simba back. And lastly, the hyenas are a blessing in disguise like the Great Fire of London, for they killed Scar, just as the fire ended the Black Plague.

On 2 and 3 September, the Great Fire of London destroyed much of the most crowded housing. At about the same time, the plague outbreak tapered off, probably due to most of the infected fleas and flea carrying rats being killed in the fire itself.

-Great Plague of London, Wikipedia Article

Coincidence? If I remember correctly, there was a great fire at the end as well and it surrounded Scar and the hyenas as they devoured him savagely. The fire was gradually washed away by black rain, miraculously enough.

The theme of The Lion King is described as follows: The theme is an attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human/animal nature. The moral is that the shape of a society must depend on the ethical nature of the individual and not on any political system, however, apparently logical or respectable. The whole film is purely symbolic in nature .

This is, of course, merely a casual summing-up on the film's part of its extremely complex and beautifully woven symbolic web, which becomes apparent as we follow through the film, but it does indicate that The Lion King is not, to say the least, a simple coming of age story of the love between a father and son and a King's responsibility. In fact, the implications of the story go far beyond the degeneration of a few lions, warthogs and meerkats. We clearly see that with all the overladen politics and correlations to nefarious eras such as Nazi-Germany and the Black Plague of England in 1348 and its recurrence The Great Plague of London in 1665-1666.

Tarantino and Pitt Rewrote History

Thu, 21 May 2009 13:38:33 GMT

Quentin Tarantino and Brad Pitt have spun some revisionist history on how World War II ended.

Their war saga "Inglourious Basterds" premiered Wednesday at the Cannes Film Festival, presenting a band of Jewish Allied soldiers led by Pitt who play a pivotal role in taking down the Third Reich with a strategic strike against the top Nazi brass.

http://www.youtube.com/user/zvezdanewsTV
http://zvezdanews.ru

'Valkyrie' Press Conference in Moscow

Thu, 29 Jan 2009 15:51:16 GMT

Hollywood star Tom Cruise and director Bryan Singer came to Moscow to promote their brand new movie 'Valkyrie'. Tom attended the press conference and answered the questions of journalists. It’s interesting to mention that the questions about his family and religion were strictly forbidden.

Valkyrie is a historical thriller film set in Nazi Germany during World War II that depicts the July 20, 1944 plot by German army officers to assassinate Adolf Hitler. Tom Cruise appears as Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg, one of the key plotters.

http://zvezdanews.ru
http://www.youtube.com/user/zvezdanewstv

The Showa Emperor

Fri, 11 Apr 2008 17:02:08 GMT

A very virile Hirohito

Tribe - a loaded term

Sun, 30 Dec 2007 20:53:55 GMT

I'm hoping that this will generate some discussion. My take is agreement: I ask you, can you define "tribe" clearly?

Using "Tribe" and "Tribalism" Categories to Misunderstand Africa
African Studies Program Outreach, University of Wisconsin-Madison
By David Wiley, African Studies Center
Michigan State University (1981)
Source

Tribe, a concept that has endeared itself to Western scholars and journalists for a century, is primarily a means to reduce for readers the complexity of the non-Western societies of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the American plains. It is no accident that the contemporary uses of the term tribe were developed during the 19th-century rise of evolutionary and racist theories to designate alien non-white peoples as inferior or less civilized and as having not yet evolved from a simpler, primal state. The uses and definitions of 'tribe' in the sociological and anthropological literature are varied and conflicting-some authors mean common language, others common culture, some ancestral lineages, and others common government or rulers. As anthropologist Michael Olen notes, "The term tribe has never satisfied anthropologists, because of its many uses and connotations. Societies that are classified as tribal seem to be very diverse in their organization, having little in common--(Morton H.) Fried contends that the term is so ambiguous and confusing that it should be abandoned by social scientists."

More disturbing is the political use of the term by the Rhodesian and South African governments to legitimize opposition movements and by journalists as a code of disorganized, primitive, and less civilized peoples. Most recently, this may be seen in the description of the Zimbabwean Patriotic Front liberation movements ZAPU and ZANU as "tribally based" movements-in academic journals, the network evening news, the New York Times, and even the Smithsonian Magazine. Accordingly, ZANU represents the Shona tribe and ZAPU the Ndebele tribe. In fact, a majority of the ZAPU cadres are not Ndebele-speaking soldiers but speak Shona and Sotho dialects. Indeed, the ZAPU leader Joshua Nkomo is not Ndebele but Kalanga in rural origin. ZANU, on the other hand, has a majority of Zezuru, Ndau, Manica, Karanga, and other Shona-family dialects, none of whom shared common chiefs or rulers. ZANU has also Ndebele-speakers and other members from non-Shona dialects.

In fact, the turmoils in Zimbabwe are primarily between different political parties with differing histories, leaderships, styles, goals, and memberships-differences which should be well-known to members of political parties and religious organizations in Western nations. And these different party organizations help to "create" these ethnic, not tribal, identities in the same way that the ward organizations and politicians of 19th and 20th- century America fostered the Irish-American, Italian-American, Jewish- American, and, later Black American ethnic identities. In the same manner, being an ethnic Irish-American and the wearing of the green in New York became more important that being an Irishman in the old country before immigrating. Similarly in Africa, persons who never identified as Shona in the rural areas but as members of a particular village or lineage or family suddenly find Shona identities in the rough and tumble of urban politics. In New York, we term it ethnicity, but in Africa it becomes tribalism.

Misperceiving and misnaming ethnicity in Africa, however, is not a small error. As the Confucian Analects note, "If names be not correct, language is not in accordance with the truth of things. If language is not in accordance with the truth of things, affairs cannot be carried on to success." Misnaming African ethnicity as tribalism has long bedeviled U.S. foreing policy in Africa, leading to miscalculations and errors of judgement. When we respond to a political movement as only a tribal reality, we misjudge its strength, its potential organization, and the breadth of its appeal, as we clearly did in labeling as tribal groups the three political liberation movements of Angola.

The success of the term 'tribe' in shaping our perceptions of the African societies may be seen in the widespread usage of the term by African journalists and scholars. Because English, French, Portuguese, and occasionally Afrikaans were the languages of the schools and the city, tribe, tribu, and the other cognates defined the language of urban and political interaction and defined the categories into which rural and urban societies were allocated during the colonial period. Now, prominent African leaders use the term in appealing for "an end to tribalism", referring to the urban and national struggles for power in utilizing ethnic and language ties as a means to aggregate power and authority. They too miss the ethnic dynamic and mistakenly link the urban ethnic dynamic to the rural societies. Finally, tribe is a source of misunderstanding the great diversity of rural Africa by labeling small hunting and gathering groups of less than 100 persons as a tribe as well as a far-flung, multinational Fulani trading group of millions of persons as a tribe. The term had no validity in the pre-colonial period. It has less legitimacy now.

1. This point highlights a common form of othering/stereotyping that Westerners often engage in without realizing it. Westerners, generally ignorant of the history, society, and culture of Africa and other places often overgeneralize conflicts in those places as "tribal wars" and different lifestyles as "tribal." Such assertions are incredibly ignorant, of course, but generalizing wide swaths of the world as "tribal" is one way our brains have learned to simplify a mind-blowing world. It is human nature to form stereotypes; it is mentally efficient to order the world according to certain key categories.
2. As a historian of the early 1900s, I often see this with such terms as "savage," "barbaric," and "civilized," ideas which were later supplanted by what was then the more PC terms "Third World," "Second World," and "First World." (And, concurrently, the loaded term "progress" evolved into the loaded term "modernization.") And now it's hitting me just how much this same type of thinking has continued--unwittingly to most people--in the guise of words such as "tribalism." (Channel-surfing yesterday, I heard Wolf Blitzer talking about "Pakistani tribesmen." Yoy.)
3. If "tribe" only vaguely refers to some sort of identified group connected through language, history, culture or what-have-you, it seems to me that the competing term nowadays is "nation." What determines if a group is a tribe or a nation? At one level, it simply seems to be about respect. (So, it's all quite relative.) Just looking at native American history over the past couple centuries, there's been an on-going semantic and political debate over whether certain groups are tribes or nations. When the Cherokee worked to position themselves as one of the "Five Civilized Tribes," for instance (Christianity, literacy, European-style farms and towns, etc.), they started referring to themselves as a "nation." Modern nations are to have sovereignty, after all, and the Cherokee were hoping to maintain their land and sovereignty. (Well, we all know how that worked out.)
Your thoughts?

Cross-posted to Cloudstrider and anthropologist

seeking equivalent for Deutsche mark in fifties

Sat, 08 Dec 2007 00:31:40 GMT

500 Deutsche marks - how much it was in 1952 ?

Maybe somebody knows some costs in the fifties in Germany (how much cost house or bus ticket or anything?)

thanx!

Reference material

Sat, 10 Nov 2007 01:18:49 GMT

I wanted to share a website I have been putting together on the Pre-Renaissance Muslim contribution to Science and Technology in history.

I hope some may find it useful:

Pre-Renaissance

Comments and suggestions always welcomed!

Excerpt: Steve LeVine on Caspian Oil Deals

Wed, 07 Nov 2007 18:29:41 GMT

I have permission from Random House to distribute an excerpt from journalist Steve LeVine's mammoth new book, The Oil and The Glory: The Pursuit of Empire and Fortune on the Caspian Sea.

The excerpt is called "Azeri Oil" and follows the final negotiations for development of Azerbaijan's massive offshore oil fields. After three years and six changes of government, a deal is finally struck between private and state-owned oil companies as diplomats from Russia and the United States spar in the background. Overnight, $230 million in cash put up by the oil companies disappears into private bank accounts, apparently benefiting Azeri leader Heydar Aliyev and his associates. It's just one of the stunning, billion-dollar deals documented in this book.

"This is the new way wars are fought," says journalist LeVine, who covered the region for a string of global media companies including The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, The Washington Post, and Newsweek. Serving 11 years in the Caspian, LeVine was flown home on a stretcher when a Chechen rocket grenade shattered his leg.

The excerpt from The Oil and The Glory is available at the following URL:

http://www.authorviews.com/authors/levine/excerpt.php

STEVE O'KEEFE
AuthorViews

National Geographic Maps Now On-line

Fri, 04 May 2007 16:34:45 GMT

National Geographic has dozens of its maps--from over the past 100 years--available on-line now:
http://www.ngmapcollection.com/

Mongols

Sat, 31 Mar 2007 20:16:56 GMT

Can anybody recommend any sources of information on the affects the Mongols had on European development? I am doing some independent study and have run into a wall here.
Thanks!

Guano Happens

Fri, 23 Mar 2007 16:33:38 GMT

I just read The Great Guano Rush (Jimmy M. Skaggs, The Great Guano Rush: Entrepreneurs and American Overseas Expansion. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1994.) It provides a look at a really interesting, pertinent but overlooked, part of world history--the 19th century imperial scramble for guano islands. The book specifically looks at the U.S. role in supporting its private citizens to claim islands, particularly Peruvian ones.

Here's a review:
Book reviews: The Americas., By: Eifler, Mark A., Historian, 00182370, Fall96, Vol. 59, Issue 1.

"Guano happens, according to economist Jimmy Skaggs. His book, The Great Guano Rush, details the late nineteenth-century activities of entrepreneurs and politicians to secure American title to nearly a hundred islands, rocks, and keys around the world. The goal was guano--bird droppings, in some cases over a hundred feet deep, deposited on rocky out-croppings by ocean-going birds, Early in the nineteenth century, these deposits were discovered to be excellent fertilizer and were in great demand by American and European farmers. Peruvian guano, taken from Chinca Island in the Pacific, initially ruled the international market, but when American and European farmers complained of exorbitant prices, shrewd entrepreneurs smelled the aroma of potential profits if they could find their own sources of guano. Thus began the guano rush.

The rush was anything but orderly. American entrepreneurs clashed with foreign governments who suddenly claimed previously unknown islands, with entrepreneurs of other countries who claimed the backing of their nation's navies, and with each other. The details of these squabbles are complex and at times mind-numbing. Skaggs carefully recounts each of these fights in detail from an impressive array of sources. Many of these conflicts occurred outside the public spotlight, and Skaggs is to be commended for diligently tracking down these stories.

At the core of this detailed study, however, is the making of public policy regarding the discovery and exploitation of guano. Skaggs refutes any popular notions of free-market economics. To him, the great guano rush provides "a case study in activist public economic policy designed to encourage growth and development...[It] demonstrates that however clearly public policy may be conceived, it is often confused and inconsistent in execution and sometimes thwarted by bureaucrats who arbitrarily or even purposely rewrite regulations and even negate laws with little or no regard for constitutional procedures" (ix-x).

To protect American entrepreneurs, Congress passed the "Guano Island Act" of 1856. Under this statute, private citizens could claim guano islands around the world under the authority and protection of the United States government. The result was American overseas expansion before the acquisition of Alaska, Hawaii, or the Philippines, though the great majority of these appurtenances were later disowned. Furthermore, the government not only found itself backing American businessmen against foreign governments, but also having to settle disputes between the overlapping claims of Americans, in rancorous haggling, which was often more noxious than the guano that lay at its center.

Skaggs not only recounts the economic and political deals involved in dealing guano, but also the brutal conditions facing laborers on guano islands. Skaggs contends that no nineteenth-century job "was as difficult, dangerous, or demeaning as shoveling either feces or phosphates on guano islands" (159). His chapters on labor tend to bear this out.

Skaggs's complex and detailed book is written with a light touch, and though his scatological puns sometimes wear thin, his study retains its scholarly depth. While the topic may turn some readers away, his insights and conclusions deserve thoughtful consideration."

Yucatán

Wed, 14 Mar 2007 23:43:40 GMT

"When the Spaniards discovered this land, their leader asked the Indians how it was called; as they did not understand him, they said uic athan, which means, what do you say or what do you speak, that we do not understand you. And then the Spaniard ordered it set down that it be called Yucatan." - Antonio de Ciudad Real, 1588

Quoted in Clendinnen, Inga. Ambivalent Conquests: Maya and Spaniard in Yucatan, 1517-1570. 2d ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Long story short

Wed, 14 Mar 2007 00:39:16 GMT

http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/journey/

Ancient tsunami

Thu, 30 Nov 2006 20:09:40 GMT

A volcano avalanche in Sicily 8,000 years ago triggered a devastating tsunami taller than a 10-story building that spread across the entire Mediterranean Sea, slamming into the shores of three continents in only a few hours:

http://www.livescience.com/forcesofnature/061130_ancient_tsunami.html

Earliest Human Ritual

Thu, 30 Nov 2006 20:08:26 GMT

A startling discovery of 70,000-year-old artifacts and a python's head carved of stone appears to represent the first known human rituals.

http://www.livescience.com/history/061130_oldest_ritual.html

Fri, 03 Nov 2006 02:49:28 GMT

Just curious:

Would any of you be able to recommend books on the history of World War II?

(I know this isn't a very detailed question, as to exactly what I mean dealing with the subject, but any books at all that deal with it is what I'm looking for.)

Thanks. :)

'655,000 Iraqis killed since invasion'

Wed, 11 Oct 2006 20:06:15 GMT

That says it all.
And the best is that Bush is denying the toll.
Will this enter history, in the same way WWII's, Stalin's, North Korea's ... death statistics did?
Will US school's history programs teach tha Bush was acriminal?

THE WANDERER: THE LAST AMERICAN SLAVE SHIP

Mon, 25 Sep 2006 14:31:11 GMT

Transporting slaves from Africa was outlawed in 1820, but nearly four decades later, the practice -- profitable but risky -- continued.

http://www.washingtontimes.com/books/20060923-084010-6735r.htm

Myths of British Ancestry

Mon, 25 Sep 2006 14:30:20 GMT

Everything you know about British and Irish ancestry is wrong. Our ancestors were Basques, not Celts. The Celts were not wiped out by the Anglo-Saxons, in fact neither had much impact on the genetic stock of these islands...

http://www.prospect-magazine.co.uk/article_details.php?id=7817

'Oldest' New World writing found

Thu, 14 Sep 2006 20:00:58 GMT

The discovery in the state of Veracruz of a block inscribed with symbolic shapes has astounded anthropologists...

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/5347080.stm

Rethinking the Fall of Easter Island

Thu, 24 Aug 2006 14:35:20 GMT

New evidence points to an alternative explanation for a civilization's collapse:

http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/53200?fulltext=true&print=yes

The Bradshaw Paintings

Wed, 02 Aug 2006 15:02:28 GMT

Could Australia be the cradle of global culture? It seems a surprising idea, but recently a controversy has been raging about whether a sophisticated people may have lived in the remote and inaccessible Kimberley region of NW Australia as long as 60,000 years ago, before being wiped out by the aborigines.

The key to this strange story is the dating of some extraordinarily beautiful prehistoric rock art which was first discovered and described in 1891 by an early settler, Joseph Bradshaw, when he became lost searching for the million-acre lease he had been granted. He came on a wall of colourful paintings, some life-size, which he likened to those of an Egyptian temple. Since then tens of thousands more sites have been found in the Kimberley with similar “Bradshaw” paintings, and it is postulated that they may predate the much better known aboriginal art, both modern and prehistoric, which is found throughout Australia.

Book review here:
http://www.tls.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,25338-2286453,00.html

Images here:
http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/bradshaws/