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The following table compares similar looking runes from each runic alphabet. Just place the mouse over an image and it's name will appear as a "tool tip". Select the image by double clicking and you will be taken to the reference text for that image. Note that the comparison is based on shape, not meaning or name. Elder Futhark | Gothic | Younger Futhark | Armanen | Anglo-Saxon | Medieval | 
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The Younger Futhark is a later development of the Elder Futhark, due to linguistic development. The original 24 have been reduced to 16 and the letters have been simplified. The following table lists the name and meanings of each rune: 
| - Ar
- A good year; the rune of return. Bumper results if applied effort has been made.
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| - Bjarkan
- Purification; fertility; birth; rebirth.
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| - Fé
- Cattle and money; gold. Potential for division over wealth.
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| - Hagall
- Hail. Rapid transformation from static to fluid.
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| - Is
- Ice; the principle of concentration; static, unchanging.
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| - Kaun
- Illness; illumination.
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| - Logr
- The power of water; energy of flow, of life, or the body. Purification, cleansing.
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| - Madhr
- Generality of human kind; continuity of the family.
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| - Naudhr
- Need, distress. Bondage and captivity.
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| - Oss
- A god; mouth. The commanding force of word or song.
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| - Raeidh
- The process or means of riding. Horse, vehicle, road. A physical or spiritual journey. The clap of thunder.
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| - Sol
- Directed action under spiritual control.
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| - Thurs
- A giant. Overcoming resistance; combinations.
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| - Tyr
- Law and Order; the natural balance of things.
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| - Ur
- Drizzle, slurry, growth from nothing. Something being created.
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| - Yr
- Perfect combination of skills and knowledge. Death. Decisions or divination.
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- Tags:ar, bjarkan, fe, hagall, is, kaun, logr, madhr, naudhr, oss, raeidh, runes, sol, thurs, tyr, ur, younger futhark, yr
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- Tags:aihs, algs, ansus, bairkana, chosma, dags, egets, eis, erda, eyz, ezer, faihu, fyruedal, gaar, giba, gothic, hagl, iggws, jer, kumsa, lagus, mannaz, medieval, nauths, othal, paithra, quairtra, raida, runes, saugil, sol, teiwz, thauris, ul, urus, uruz, wan, wendhorn, winja, wolfsangel, ziu
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This is the oldest runic alphabet from Europe, and is also called the Common Germanic Futhark. Each rune represented a sound, but also had an extra meaning. Please note that these are not listed in their traditional order, but by name within each group, or Aett of runes. | -
| - Ansuz
- Divine force. The divine within humans. Consciousness, intelligence.
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| - Fehu
- Beginnings. Movable wealth. Prosperity.
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| - Gebo
- Connections, partnerships, social relationships.
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| - Kenaz
- Fire. Inner light. Teaching and learning.
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| - Raido
- The wheel. Vehicle, motion, the road and travel upon it.
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| - Thuraisaz
- Resistance; passive opposition.
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| - Uruz
- The Ox. Untamed power; the boundless power of the universe.
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| - Wunjo
- Joy, harmony, internal balance.
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| - Eihwaz
- Death and regeneration.
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| - Elhaz
- Protection. Defensive power.
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| - Hagalaz
- Transformation. The unconscious mind, processes of thought.
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| - Isa
- Ice. Static existence. The present time.
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| - Jera
- Year or season. Completion at the proper time. Natural cycles.
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| - Naudhiz
- Need; scarcity; absence. Help; assistance.
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| - Perdhro
- Chance. The interaction between ourselves and our environment. Memory, recollection.
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| - Sowulo
- Energy; illumination. Vitality. Power directed and focused.
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| - Berkana
- Regeneration; new beginnings. Birth.
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| - Dagaz
- The light of day. Balance between opposites. Dawn. Protection.
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| - Ehwaz
- Travel, transport. Movement towards a goal.
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| - Inguz
- Light. Energy, potential, deferred. Bringing together separate things.
| -
| - Mannaz
- Human qualities. Social order.
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| - Othala
- Home or family land. The state of things, natural law.
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| - Teiwaz
- Positive regulation. Sacrifice. Ordered movement or progress.
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| - Laguz
- Fluidity. The law of unity. Growth, cycles.
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- Tags:ansuz, berkana, dagaz, ehaz, eihwaz, elder futhark, elhaz, fehu, gebo, hagalaz, inguz, isa, jera, kenaz, laguz, mannaz, naudhiz, othala, perdhro, raido, runes, sowyulo, teiwaz, thuraisaz, uruz, wunjo
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Guido List (1848-1919) was a mystic who, apart from inspiring the national Socialists with his ideas about Ayrans, invented the following set of runes, as based on ancient Scandinavian ones. He wrote a book "Secret of the Runes" which was highly influential in Germany, leading the National Socialists to adopt the Swastika (a version of Gibor) as their emblem, and also to use Sig and Man. -
| - Ar
- Nobility and leadership. Beauty, wisdom, fame, virtue.
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| - Bar
- Birth. Predestination. The power of becoming; the power of song.
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| - Dorn
- Lightening and Thunder. Activity, goals, the phallus.
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| - Eh
- Love, marriage, trust. Duality and binding.
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| - Fa
- Primal fire. Creative power of the spirit.
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| - Gibor
- The giver of life. The divine principle; the cosmic consciousness. The giver and the gift.
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| - Hagal
- Order, origin. The primal seed.
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| - Is
- The ego. Obedience. Personal power. Control.
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| - Ka
- The World Tree. Artfulness, power, generation, general ability.
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| - Laf
- Primal law. Life, water.
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| - Man
- Man, maleness, increase. A birth.
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| - Not
- Necessity of fate. Karma.
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| - Os
- The power to rise up. Spiritual power working through speech. Breaking through boundaries.
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| - Rit
- Ritual. Primal laws. Correctness; orderliness.
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| - Sig
- Victory, success. The conquering energy of the creative spirit.
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| - Tyr
- Turnabout. Concealment; invisibility. Generative power, wisdom.
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| - Ur
- Eternity, continuity, resurrection. Primal soul.
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| - Yr
- Anger, error, falsehood. Femaleness, instinct, night, death.
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- Tags:ar, armanen, bar, dorn, eh, fa, gibor, hagal, is, ka, laf, man, not, os, rit, runes, sig, tyr, ur, yr
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