Attn: Firefly author: You may or may not have noticed that the characters of Firefly have very distinct speaking patterns. Some of them aren't exactly interested in the correct way to formulate a sentence. Therefore, if correct English grammar is used throughout the narrative, I find it difficult to believe we're in Mal's PoV. He doesn't talk like that—why should I think he thinks like that?

For that matter, what PoV is this in? This sentence (‘Already ate.’ River said, which Mal was sure was a lie, but wasn’t about to contradict her in front of her brother.) makes it look very much like Mal's PoV. This one (He saw River’s smile broaden slightly, and knew she had caught his thought.) later in the paragraph cements it. But this one four paragraphs later (River waited out the silence, purposefully concentrating on Mal who was ranting about keeping the cargo area clean to Jayne to stop Kaylee’s thoughts from entering.)—can we have a bit of warning before we switch which head we're riding in, please?

And notice the punctuation in that first example sentence. The single quotations are bugging me, but our author is consistent about using them for all dialogue (which, Firefox, yes that is bloody well a word), so it's not incorrect. The period inside the quotations, though—that separates what is said from the tag indicating who is saying it. "Said" is a transitive verb—it needs an object, that is, what is said. "River said" is not a complete sentence. Adding clauses that begin with "which" or "but" does not change that. Replacing that period with a comma, however, would. It might even solve the other problem relating to this habit of putting dialogue tags in different sentences from the dialogue being tagged, that is, capitalizing pronouns in dialogue tags following dialogue, in what is probably an attempt at correct capitalization that would work better if the tag were the start of a sentence. See below.

‘Okaaaay.’ She drawled; chin resting on joined fingers, regarding River with glee. Ignoring the period separating the dialogue and the tag, and ignoring the capitalized pronoun in the dialogue tag, there's still three problems in this bit. Well, two and a half—the half is that 'she' is Kaylee, and that doesn't sound much like Kaylee to me. One of the whole ones is that the chin appears to be both resting and regarding, which, uh, no. The other is that semicolon. There is always, always a way to rewrite a sentence so that there is no need for a semicolon. For instance, here, replace it with a comma and there's no problem at all. If one isn't certain of the correct usage of a semicolon, and few people are (insert weeping for the sad state of the educational system), one should not use it.

( I get way too pissy about people who can't use dashes correctly. )

Shorter above: Correct punctuation is your friend, people. Learn it, love it.

Plaudits to the author of the story that tipped me from "this is annoying" into "this is rant-worthy", though—I have yet to see a spelling error, and there are very few errors in grammatical structure that aren't rooted in punctuation problems.

Maybe I'm in the wrong here, but you know... if I click on a story in Adult Heliopolis, I expect smut. Now don't get me wrong, the story I got instead was great, proper spelling, a good plot and an excellent fic in general - but the "smut" consisted of a scene where Sam curled up in bed next to Jack and let her hands trail over his back.
Submitting the story to an Adult archive for that and a "maybe possibly but not really" dead Jack O'Neill seems a bit over the top.

Specific Doctor Who author :-

Spelling  canon characters' names wrong is always a bad sign in fic, I find.

But when you invent an OC and then spell his name two different ways over about five paragraphs, it's a sure indication that you need a beta.

I suppose I shouldn't be entirely surprised by the name thing though,  considering the summary refers to the Master's "decent" into insanity...

Also, troops is a plural noun when referring to soldiers, but one soldier is not  "a  troop" - even without the s, "troop" means a group of people. I realise this is confusing, but again, it's the sort of thing a beta can help with. And if you have a beta already and they didn't spot this, then you need a different or a second beta.

(I realize this is getting into "beating a dead horse" territory, but this is starting to irritate me.)

( Annoyed letter back here. )

Hey, some portions of Batfandom. You know Catwoman, that person you write a lot of fics about? Yes, she's technically a part of Batman's rogue gallery, but she's more of an antihero than a real villain. These days, she's practically Robin Hood. And by at least one origin that's pretty canon as far as these things go in the DCU, she was a sex worker until she was raped.

Hence, not a big fan of rape or prostitution.

So your magnum opus about Catwoman raping and whoring out [insert sexualized superheroine here]? That's just not how she rolls. In fact, Batman would probably tongue-kiss the Joker before that happened. Would Catwoman steal Barbara Gordon's jewelry? Yes. Her innocence? Not so much, no.

( Rant the first: )

( Rant the second: )

P.S. Good Omens fandom--I still demand more Sgt Shadwell/Madam Tracy. Why isn't there more of this? D: Or more fics where the Them go and have cool adventures? It doesn't ALL have to be about Crowley and Aziraphale, as totally awesome as they are.

Yes, I know really-long-lived character/normal-lifespan character ships are set up for kind of a sad ending.  I did watch Highlander.

But having the really-long-loved character magically alters the mortal human to make them live for the exact same lifespan as the really-long-lived one is creepy.  It makes it seem like really-long-lived guy is assuming that, should he be killed through bad luck or violence, the normal-lifespan character would have nothing to live for.  If a character's going to assume that their partner has nothing to live for outside the relationship, I'm going to be less charmed by the romance than scared for the other person.

It's doubly creepy if really-long-lived guy doesn't tell his partner what he's doing to them until after it's done.

It would make good darkfic, but sadly that's not the context where I've run across it.

Don't get me, wrong, I like slash. I read it. Sometimes I even write it. But some of these things seem to be recurring themes, no matter what fandom I'm in:

1. Having sex with someone of the same gender and enjoying it, after having a long and pleasurable relationship with a person of the opposite gender does not make a character suddenly gay. At a guess, I would suggest that he might be bisexual since he, apparently, can be happily in a relationship with either gender. Lines like, "You prove that I'm gay," and "I never knew I was gay when I was with [female character]," make me cringe and stop reading.

2. Female characters are not evil and made of Satan. Oh gods, I swear they aren't. Listen carefully, fanbrats. Vaginas are not evil. Women don't exist for the sole purpose of getting in the way of your slashy OTP. I am so sick and tired of women either being evil or sisters. (On the same note, heterosexual relationships can be healthy and not screwed up co-dependent situations waiting for your protagonist to swoop in and save the man from the evil bitch's clutches.)

And now for a het rant that I've seen seeping into slash:

3. Children don't fix relationships. They really don't. If your characters are having problems with their relationship/marriage, Junior isn't going to magically fix it. Kids are work. They're tiring and needy and dirty and grabby. I hear that they are also wonderful balls of joy, but they require an amazing amount of work. If the relationship is either starting out or on rocky ground, a baby will likely do more harm than good.

Transformers fandom,

Please, please, please stop raping Red Alert!

I don't even mean that in the figurative sense (as in: "Please to be stop raping his character nao!"), no. I mean: please stop having him get raped by Starscream!

Not only is it disgusting to write about something like that and try to spin it as being "zomg, so hawt," it's... cliche.

Yes, that's right. People have written about this so much that it's a fandom cliche for this character to be raped.

... *brain breaks a little*

Dear Fanauthor,

I wanted to read your Sailor Moon fic and its sequel. Really. It seems like you've taken a lot of care in crafting it, and further care in editing. But you've fallen afoul of one of my pet peeves:

"Character A talks." Character B acts.

"Character B talks." Character A acts.

NO. It isn't just speech that requires a new paragraph, but change of character. This is a common mistake. Hell, even my daughter's 6th grade English teacher lets it go in favor of what she considers bigger errors. But I figure if you put so much care into getting so much right, you might want to fix this too. ^_^

Chara A acts. "Chara A talks."

Chara B acts. "Chara B talks." Chara B acts in relation to what is being said. "Chara B talks some more on same topic."

Chara A reacts. "Chara A talks."


Senshi kisses and hentai dreams (or not; if that offends you, gomen nasai!),

c!

Summary of a fic I found in the Pit's Digimon section:

PokeFormers starring Digimon and Pokemon by [name removed]
My version on a Transformers fic. Pikachu and the AutoPokemon asked Guilmon and his friends to help them defeat the evil Mewtwo and the DeceptiPokemon and protect the All-Pokeball. RenaGuil, PataGato and AguBiyo.

What planet did this fanthing fall down from...?

I'VE BEEN PLAGIARIZED! And for the first time! I can't stop laughing, the entire thing is so hugely amusing and flattering that I'm sitting here laughing.

So, after following a review left on my new piece posted on my lj to the reviewer's lj, I was greeted immediately with another piece of mine. First thing on her lj. On the same account she'd just used to review another of my pieces. (Seriously?)

What's worse is that she apparently didn't like some of the characters/pairings I used (or else thought that replacing certain characters would make it less obvious), or the fact that it was supposed to be all about the visual (a collection of drabbles based around a collection of photographs...me attempting to work on my 'show not tell') and clunked up all my carefully pared down paragraphs with all this extra stuff, with her particular 'style' making it even more obvious that huge pieces had been lifted she had stuck in a few lines and changed a few names in my work and structure.

What do I do now? I'm just so amused by this (and strangely flattered) but how do I go about this? I want to know!

Yes, I stopped reviewing your fic. And yes, I removed it from my Favorites listing and update Alerts, because I've stopped reading and want to see nothing more of it from now on. No, this is not a personal slight against you. I was not aware I owed you an explanation for this and I didn't PM you telling you why I was no longer following your series because while we have had several conversations via PMs, you have never been interested when I bring up anything constructive--I was flattered by your running ideas by me, but there was a reason why I said what you wanted to do would only work if very carefully written.

You started out with a sweet and fluffy story, which was why I Favorited it. I wanted something light, something happy. Then suddenly out of no where you brought in all this angst, which just didn't seem plausible and the way you wrote it, was too over the top. I stuck it out, because I was hoping this would pass and it would go back to being a feel good story, but the melodrama continued, and with each chapter update, it grew more implausible and I began feeling like I'd skipped several chapters, because really, I had no clue why or how what was happening had come about, and if I left anything in my reviews to you that wasn't praise, you'd just PM me with, "Yeah, I agree with you, I felt that wasn't right when I wrote it."

Charlie's Angels movie fandom, small as you are, you have a few issues.

The Thin Man doesn't talk. This is a big part of his characterization, so I'm not sure how you could have missed that. In the second movie we learn that he isn't mute, but he still chooses to keep his mouth shut. Dylan is the only person we see him talk to, and even then it's hard for him to get the word out. The Thin Man is not a chatterbox; he's not going to show up at Dylan's apartment and deliver long monologues explaining his actions or his feelings. (Oh please no.)

Also, the Thin Man may have undergone Spikeification in Full Throttle, but let's not woobiefy him, okay? He may have helped Dylan, Alex, and Max, but there's no evidence that he actually stopped being an assassin between films. He had no problem using lethal force against Emmers or O'Grady's goons, remember? He sends the money he receives from his contract killings to the nuns who raised him. The Thin Man is a walking contradiction and that's part of what makes him interesting. He's not a woobie or a saint.

Keeping that in mind, the Thin Man saving Dylan and Max probably won't make the other characters forget or forgive all of his attempted murder (and in the case of Roger Corwin, actual murder). They will probably think that Dylan having a relationship with the Thin Man is a very bad idea.

And can we have more variety in our future fics, please? Something other than Dylan and the Thin Man settling down to raise kids? It's usually OOC enough for the Thin Man, but I also think that Dylan is the least likely of the Angels to get a house in suburbia and lead a traditional home life.

More specifically, let's talk about a couple of the cliches you people seem to really like.

1. Babies.
Now, many of you have managed to work out that vampire=dead=infertile (the ones that haven't, well, that's a whole other rant, involving elemental biology, and I'm not up for that one right now), and so the baby arrives by adoption. Cool and fine, except you've clearly missed the bit where the Cullens are constantly fighting their own natures not to bite humans. Notice how they live out the back of beyond, where there are - you guessed it! - no people. See how Esme doesn't have a job and doesn't go out much. See how none of the younger ones are involved in any extracurriculars. They don't hang around people. Remember that canon states that of all seven vampires only Carlisle and Rosalie have never drunk human blood. Even if we discount Jasper and Alice as having hunted humans before joining the Cullens' kiss and ignore Edward's years as the boogeyman of New York, that means Esme and Emmett, both part of the Cullen vampire kiss since they became vampires and under Carlisle's supervision, have both lapsed and hunted humans. In short, what chance is this baby going to stand of lasting out its infancy and/or childhood?

Short answer: it isn't. The baby will be the main course at dinner one night. And everyone involved will be very sorry and very guilty but the kid will still be dead.

2. The Cullens rescuing and taking in an abused child.
We have clearly missed the memo about how the Cullens don't do practical philanthropy, seeing as they can't hang around people. If the kiss found an abused child while out hunting, they would probably pack said child up into the back seat of the car of whomever protests least (ie, definitely not Rosalie's), drive him/her to the hospital Carlisle's currently working at, commit him/her to the tender mercies of the hospital's Child Protection Officer, and then never think of the child again. They would not keep the child. Because, like the baby mentioned earlier, one day temptation will be too much, and CHOMP!

There are some things we keep away from small children, like sharp knives, blowtorches, vampires and guns. We do this for a very obvious reason. Please remember it as you fic.

I'm sick and tired of vampire drama/romance fics in fandoms that have nothing to do with vampires. Especially the ones that aren't labled AU.

Dear fellow author,

I would love to review your fic. Really, we're in a very small fandom and you're one of the few decent writers who's still updating. You faithfully review my fic every time I update which always gives me warm fuzzies, and I would totally return the favour if it weren't for one thing.

All the things I like about your fic are the things I had already put into my fic.

Now you didn't plagiarise me; nothing so obvious...but when I came up with the concept for my fic I expanded the universe of the original source material in a very particular way. In this case, the heroine of the canon has an ability based on the women of her bloodline and my story introduces other families with the same powers - an idea which is only vaguely implied in the source material and not explored at all. Being a small fandom, this concept was the only one of its kind when I came up with it...and then you went and used it in your story.

Okay, fine. I can't exactly copyright the concept. Canon didn't touch on it at all so I may not have been the only one who thought it would be fun to expand upon...but then your story also has the heroine with the same sort of relationship with this new family (vaguely antagonistic), and you also use the same main pairing as my fic had which was, as far as I know, also the only one of its kind when I wrote it. It's not an easy one to pull off considering it requires bringing once character back from the dead and they were both enemies to begin with.

So I don't know how to feel about your fic. I've had a while to get over the original hissy fit I had about you fairly blatantly ripping off all my ideas. We're already playing in someone else's sandbox so it would be hypocritical of my to try and hoard one part of it all for myself just because I did it first, but at the same time I can't praise you for any of those ideas even though they're obviously ones I like, because they were mine. Even though yours is probably the only other fic in the fandom that really interests me, and even though you give me nice reviews, I can't return the favour because it'll only bring to light the fact that the best parts of your fic were the best parts of mine.

Annoyed but resigned,
Me.

I discovered del.icio.us last year, and promptly fell in love with the way that many people use it as a recommendations list or as a way to label stories so that you can find that one where aliens make them make spanakopita. (And a few others where AMTMS, while you're at it.)

I don't particularly mind under-labeling -- these are personal. I don't really mind over-labeling, even when its spoilery, because it's my fault for looking at the subject headings in the first place.

But labeling for things that the story does not contain -- particularly pairings, as opposed to labeling something "wodehouse" because it reminded you of his style of writing or something -- confuses me. (And I'm not talking about putting an "A/B" label on a story where A and B were having an adventure together and being familial and a reader could interpret it as brotherly, bestfriendly, or so-married-and-don't-know it; I'm talking about putting an "A/B" label on a gen A story in which B does not even appear and the like.) I don't see how it can help the original cataloguer find the story again, and I know it doesn't help ME.
Edit: For what it's worth, in the case that drove me here A/B is, like, half the fandom, and A and B two of the most popular if not THE most popular characters in it, hence the apparent failure as a sort mechanism of a false positive.

What's up with that?

Dear authors-

( So there's a character, right? And the character is immortal/time travels/reincarnates (and a big fuss is made about it, because it's special). )

Dear author of the Redwall fic my friend has recently started MSTing:

These are the very least of the problems with your fic, but they annoy me.
( Cut because I name names. Of characters, but they're still very recognisable. )

If Chibiusa were ever to tell Usagi that Mamoru was raping her, I can definitely see Usagi being in denial about it.

Calling her a lying bitch and a whore in CAPSLOCK OF RAGE and slapping her across the face? No.
Dragging Chibiusa inside the house by her hair? No.
Calling her a pig when she tells Mamoru what she's just been informed of? No.
And, watching Mamoru throw her at the stairs and then LEAVING when he says he'll finish punishing her, and totally not caring? No.

This is Usagi, the most empathic person in the world.

Oh. And then the kicker is making Chibiusa slit her wrists in the bathtub. And then in the last chapter you've posted, Chibiusa is pregnant with Mamoru's baby.

Thank you for completely warping their family with no explanation. I'm going to go read Mama's Hand to make myself feel better.

It's really a bit rude to PM someone and ask them to read your fic, while saying you won't read theirs because you don't read slash. In a fandom as small as ours (I think we're the only two authors in it), asking me to read your fic is fair enough, because I wouldn't have seen it otherwise. I can see why you did it, but I'm still annoyed. I would really love my fic to actually get read.

Why oh why is there no love for the 19th century Russian (blatantly shagging behind the scenes) guys?

I know that it's like beating an extremely dead horse, but I can't help it; hate Gwen as much as you like (I'll sit in the back and fume a little but it's your opinion, after all), but please stop letting that hate bleed into your fic.

Granted, Gwen divides opinion, but letting your personal beef with her into your fic and making her malevolent/jealous/thick/revenge-filled/all four of those will make her very OOC and ruin the general effect of your story. Because, chances are, if you're not writing her right, you'll get other voices wrong too.

Also, she is not out to threaten Jack/Ianto! She's friends with both of them! In the show, when she caught them having sex, she apologised and ran away giggling! How on earth is she out to break them up?

*brain melts*

This isn't focused on one particular story; just attitudes I've seen about. And, I just. Gah. I love Gwen, in all her kick-arse, gorgeous glory. Thank God for house_of_cooper!

So I've recently been getting back into the Trigun fandom after taking a few years away. On a whim, I browsed the Trigun section of FF.net (my first mistake, I realize), when I saw a few fics that seemed promising. I clicked on them, read them, and immediately went "Wait, huh?"

( Why? Keep reading. )

I was reminded of this blast from the past by a post below. You know how some people insist on making their pairing better by having the competition suddenly turn evil? Case in point:

Dear specific BtVS writer,

Oz would not deliberately and permanently transform himself into a werewolf with the expressed purpose of hunting and trying to kill Tara.

Really.

And even if he did try (and fail) to kill Tara, Buffy's immediate reaction wouldn't be to slay him.

Really.

And even if she did slay Oz, Willow's immediate reaction to his death wouldn't be "Yay!" and smoochies.

REALLY.

That's thrice thou failest, sir.

Hello Author!

Sometime in your life, you may have heard Mr. Hugh Laurie say something like this,

"Michael is my son... in the normal way. [...] Well, the normal way to have a son, is to get married. Uh, buy a house, get properly settled in, uh, furniture and so on. And, um... just wait for a bit. Make sure you eat properly! Three hot meals a day."

Now, by some stretch of the imagination, you seem to have got '86!Hugh Laurie confused with House, confused with a real doctor. And then you decided to apply it to BtVS, awarding Tara a pregnancy. A magic pregnancy where she was not artificially inseminated, but rather, was a gift rewarding them for eating three hot meals a day and waiting a bit. And then you skip off to show she and Willow in a happy blissful life of domesticity with babies everywhere.

Rule one of the Whedon-verse: Everything has consequences. Yay, Tara had a magical pregnancy that doesn't need to be explain because it is so wonderful! Um, no. It does not work that way. I think to think Tara, at least, has enough sense to not try and use magic like that - especially when magic has been proven to, in that canon, be incredibly volatile. But you didn't even get that far. You just went, tra la la, babies and everything is great! And then I hit the back button. Oh, back button. If we lived in Canada, I'd make you my bride.

Authors, lets talk about location. Specifically, locations in smut fics.

Put plainly, there are some places where characters would not be getting it on, or at least not without certain reservations. For example, I cannot see Hermione being comfortable giving Ron a blow job in the middle of the Gryffindor common room without so much as a thought about someone potentially walking in on them. Hermione is a smart girl and I think she would realize that the common room is not the most private place. Nor, as I encountered in a particularly bad hurt/comfort fic, would Peter Petrelli do the deed with his brother who is lying injured in a hospital bed, again without any worry of being noticed. (Not to mention the stupidity of having sex with a seriously injured person in the first place.) There are nurses and doctors and family members in and out of hospital rooms all the time, and a passing mention of that would have been nice. And so on. Its almost as if the author got so caught up in the action that they forgot where the characters were. It distracts me and always seems extremely unrealistic, and I spend the entire fic wondering if someone is about to unintentionally walk in on them.

Now, there are characters who wouldn't think twice about that sort of thing, and if it's in character then fine. Young!Sirius strikes me as the type of character who would be sexually uninhibited, for example. It is fine if the situation is canon, such as Angela and Hodgins' canon sexcapades at work. An intentional exhibitionism kink is also different. I still think it needs to be handled properly, though, and it doesn't work well some characters. Yes, people can have lots of weird kinks that you wouldn't expect, but there does come a point where "previously unknown kink" turns into "wildly OOC", though this is largely dependent upon the author's writing ability.

I guess I just want recognition that not all characters would be comfortable having sex in a public place, and not all locations are entirely appropriate for sex. Even if it wouldn't particularly bother the characters, a throw-away line in the fic or some indication that the author realizes that "yes, the cafeteria is a rather public arena for sexual activity" would be nice.

I'd hate to beat a dead horse though it would be fun but please, warn for things that might squick people in the summary.
I know that about 80% of all Kingdom Hearts fanfic is slash, but warn for it or just put the pairing (akuroku, which is pretty much 60% of all Kingdom Hearts fanfic all together) in the summary. I don't want to read a perfectly fine fic then have Axel kissing Roxas.
Please, fanbrats. learn to warn.

Attention all writers in anthro!fandoms.

Fur does not blush. No, really. It doesn't. Nor does it pale. In fact, there is absolutely no blood-flow within fur whatsoever! That's why we can go for haircuts and not bleed to death!

So for the love of whatever, stop with the whole goddamn fur-blushing-because-character-A-has-got-the-metaphorical-horn (as it's perfectly possible he's got a real one), or medical diagnoses based on fur-colour. It's annoying.

kthx.

Dear FFN Administration,

I love you guys. No, seriously, I love you. I think you're the bestest administration people I have ever had the pleasure of dealing with. I love the fact you made the abuse review feature. I mean - wow - ingenuity at its finest. You see a troll review, spam review, or flame, and magically, you can report it!  I can't stress how giddy I feel when I hit that little text-button-of-fun, and get to chose what kind of abuse the naughty review should be labeled!

But, do you know what gets me giggling every time? Every time I click the "send report"?

 No response!

Nothing! Not a gosh darn thing! I can't tell you how much satisfaction that brings me, knowing that no matter how many reports I send regarding the signed spam on every chapter on every story I had uploaded, that spam will still be there the next day, and the next day, and the next day!

Warm fuzzies all over! I think I'm grinning ear to ear!

And who's the clever one who designed that review throttle for only 15 seconds? LOL, someone had their smartie cap on didn't they? Golly, I could just hug you to pieces! Because of you, someone finally showed how much love they had for me by spamming one story over 2800 times! YES, 2800 times!!! I'm blushing!

I was so overwhelmed with their shameless display of affection that I simply had to disable anon reviews. I can handle only so much love you know! However, I afraid my fans might get jealous of those tidbits of joy on my review board - all 198 pages worth - so I must delete them all and send another supportive email that will never be read! I have tingles now from all this love and joy and extra work I have to put into erasing these tokens of desire that I have to stop at forty deletions or else I'll go cross-eyed!

But don't worry now, I'll restore my review count to normal, someday.

So WORD to you, FFN administration, for making lovely useless features and keeping your site a frolicking Troll Playground!

XXOOXXO,

M

ETA: edited to insert random bold

ETA2: hopefully this is allowed.

 Adding a link to a petition on the Writer's Anonymous forum if any FFN members want to sign.

I read mostly m/m slash, so I don't know if ficcers do this with lesbian couples, but why the hell do fanbrats feel the need to have a child call one of their two male parents "mommy" or any variant thereof? I can understand this in certain situations, such as if one of the men does indeed identify as a woman, then he'd likely tell the kid he's "mommy."

There's also a One Piece fic where Zoro and Sanji end up attached to a kid and Zoro tells the kid that Sanji is "mommy" because he's a bastard like that.

But beyond that a a select few other situations, it makes no sense, especially when, canonically speaking, neither of the men in question are what one would call "effeminate."

I understand the need for a distinction, but there are better ways of doing that, like calling one father "pops" and the other "dad" or something of that ilk.

Or, if the kid is in his obnoxious teenage years, "sperm donor" and "thing attached to sperm donor."

SD and TASD for short.